Gainsborough’s Blue Boy: The private life of a masterpiece
BBC :
A record number of visitors queued outside the National Gallery in January 1922, despite the drizzly conditions, to see a single painting: Thomas Gainsborough’s Blue Boy (c 1770). The artwork was bought by a US collector in 1921 and its imminent departure drew 90,000 people to get a last glimpse what the press had dubbed “the world’s most beautiful painting”. An article in the London Times claimed that the Blue Boy exemplified the “courtly grace and serene carriage of a people who knew themselves a great people and were not ashamed to own it.” To the general population, Gainsborough’s Blue Boy was the epitome of high culture and the noble British character.
In January 2022, Blue Boy is making a centenary comeback to the UK and will once again be displayed in the National Gallery, now for a five-month run. But how many visitors this time around will know about the painting’s private life as a symbol of gay pride?
Valerie Hedquist, a professor of art history at the University of Montana, has written extensively about the painting and its role as a gay icon. It is partly a tale of unintended consequences, and how artists cede control of their creations once they are absorbed into the public arena. Hedquist tells BBC Culture that when Thomas Gainsborough painted Blue Boy in around 1770 “it was most likely a demonstration piece to show off his talents”. The boy is believed to be the artist’s nephew, Gainsborough Dupont, dressed in a 17th-Century aristocratic costume as an act of homage to Sir Anthony van Dyck, an artist whose techniques and compositions Gainsborough admired.Back in 1770, the pose of Blue Boy would have struck people as noble, signalling an exemplary future husband and father. He is standing in an authoritative position known as contrapposto, much used in classical art. The jutting elbow is another well-used pose in European portraiture, described by art historian Joaneath Spicer as “indicative essentially of boldness or control – and therefore of the self-defined masculine role.”But for Hedquist, the idea that the boy in the painting is dressing up in costume and acting is critical to his later reappraisals: “the Blue Boy invites performance,” she says.
This began on stage in the 19th Century, where actors playing “Little Boy Blue” in pantomimes were frequently dressed up in the silks, breeches and lace collar of Gainsborough’s Blue Boy. And these actors would frequently be girls. This, for Hedquist, was the start of the “feminisation” of Blue Boy. “By the latter part of the 19th Century,” she explained, “the magazines are just filled with pictures of girls dressed as Blue Boy.”
In 1922, the year that Gainsborough’s painting found a new home in the US, Cole Porter performed his musical Mayfair and Montmartre, in which Nelly Taylor dressed as Blue Boy and theatrically emerged from a frame singing a song called Blue Boy Blues. Marlene Dietrich dressed as Blue Boy for a comedy revue in Vienna in 1927, and Shirley Temple did the same for the film Curly Top in 1935.The painting had created a platform for gender identity to become blurred Blue Boy could be either masculine or feminine in the fluid world of theatrical performance.
According to Hedquist, another dimension to the story concerns the writer and leader of the Aesthetic Movement, Oscar Wilde. Wilde dressed in extravagant historically inspired clothing, frequently with knee-breeches, velvet jackets, cloaks and broad-brimmed hats in homage to painters like Gainsborough. In one photograph taken by Napoleon Sarony in 1882, Wilde, in swanky buckled shoes and knickerbockers, struck the exact pose of Blue Boy.